The leadership of the Igbimo Odo Yoruba L’agbaye- Yoruba Council of Youths Worldwide (YCYW) heartily felicitate with President Mohammadu Buhari, GCFR and Vice President Professor Yemi Osinbajo, GCON on their 2nd term swearing-in ceremony, while equally congratulating all 29 Governors and Deputy Governors sworned-in today 29th May, 2019 across the country.

While congratulating Mr President as well as appreciating the low key ceremony with less fanfare, with much expectations to mark the first civilian democracy day on June 12, 2019 being the official democracy day in honour of Late MKO Abiola, GCFR, unfortunately the atmosphere in the country is clouded with grave hearts, economic survival, abject poverty, hydra headed governmental travails and unending sorrows across the nation, precipitating our pleas in the following areas for the next four years:

The Presidency needs to be more proactive, though we expected words from Mr President on the next four years administration’s policies and strategic action plans, while pointing out our clarion opinions to the Federal and State Governments to be more willing, aggressive and passionate in handling all governmental issues bordering on supremacy of law, good governance and due process.

We take solace in the assured promises of Mr President at the launch of the 2019 “Next Level” Campaign manifestos, which to many does not compliment Nigerians expectations predicated on the 2015 All Progressives Congress (APC) “Change Mantra” all stocked in our hearts and rearing our minds with the ugly rhetorical questions; For how long do we awaits genuine democratic dividends, social justice rights to social amenities that brings ease lifestyles, adequate, robust and wholistic security system network, educational right, agriculture and food security, health and housing policy for all, National GDP growth framework, national cohesion based on succinct economic integration, human capital growth and infrastructural development?

This questions are not expected to be hurriedly answered in one day via presidential speech, but with consolidated scientific approach, aggressive diplomacy, will power and committed actions and seriousness led by open mind and sound judgement skills and absolute temerity.

We implore the President to surprise Nigerians with a master stroke game changer by putting smiles and relief on the their faces, for much is expected and Mr President cannot afford to let us down, considering the magnanimity and strong resolute spirits of Nigerians who deer all odds to give him a chance to return through ballot laying the foundation for his 2nd term winning at the polls, precipitating our appeal for a greater political will to do the needful towards proffering solutions to the aforementioned questions.

The only legacy we expect to be bequeathed to us is absolute love, unity, peace and national development.

We are indeed tired and frustrated as future heirs to see our nation drifting towards a pariah state, despite our 21st century experience we seems to backward compare to our perilous states of affairs.

We are using this medium to reiterate our call for intervention of Mr President in the face of anarchic wanton killings, kidnapping, ritualistisms, destruction of lives and properties precipitating our 7 days quit notice to lapse on 30th May, 2019 against the Fulani Boko Haram Terrorists and Foreign ISIS mercenaries, who are domiciled in various cells spread across the Southwest zone and other towns nationwide to come to our rescue, for we owe him our undeterred supportive allegiance, while he equally owes us the strict legal duty of care to protect and shield us from perceived enemies, being the Commander-in-Chief of all Nigeria’s security and armed forces, we expect him to issue out an urgent and frontal decisive southwest security master plan that will curb the excessive damage already caused innocent Nigerians.

Based on this premise, we appreciate the loud and wide positive reception that greeted our clarion call from various sectors of the states, hence our stand down order, in order for us to explore peaceful dialogue and constructive engagements in the next couple of days with the various concerned stakeholders to wit: Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigerian (MACBAN), Hausa Fulani Community Heads and Serikin Hausawa in Southwest, Security heads to be led by The Inspector General Police, DSS, Chief of Army Staff, Chief Naval Staff, Chief of Air Staff, Customs, Immigration, NSA our various local security teams led by Vigilante Groups, Olode, Agbekoya to mention a few, while we are reaching out to leaders in government and royal fathers to be led by: President Mohammadu Buhari, Professor Yemi Osinbajo, Dr. Kayode Fayemi to lead other southwest Governors and political contingents, Engr. Seyi Makinde being the host Governor of Oyo State, we have received positive advice and support from our leading Kabiyesi: Ooni Adeye Ogunwusi, The Ooni of ife, Oba Lamidi Olayiwola Adeyemi 111,The Alaafin of Oyo, Oba Akanmu Saliu Adetunji, The Olubadan and other prominent Obas, captains of industries, professionals, leading youth and student organizations, while our referred elderstateman: Prof. Banji Akintoye and Chief Mrs Remi Adiukwu Bakare will lead the Yoruba leaders of thoughts and other Yoruba Socio-Cultural groups to the maiden “Yoruba Economic Development, Peace and Security Summit” tagged: Fo Ilu Mo, (Operation Sweep Clean Our Land), slated for Thursday 27th June, 2019 at Mapo Hall, Ibadan, Oyo State by 11a.m.

This epoch making town hall security summit hopes to jointly resolve the ensuing dangers around and collectively cross fertilize ideas on the wayfoward, on the grievous and heinous terrorism acts caused by the dissidents fulani herdsmen and boko haram terrorist, based on the recent spiraling attacks in some identified black dangerous spots across southwest: some parts of Lagos in Agbara-Badagry and Ojokoro axis, Akure, Owo in Ondo, Ekiti, Ogun, Ibadan and Osun States not forgetting the rising wave of kidnapping and ritual killings on our highways to mention a few, leaving our people under intensely daily fears of imminent attacks, whereby our final resolution still remains final vacation of all terrorists in our land .

No one is calling for war, but lots is expected from President Muhammadu Buhari led government in his second term to tackled headlong and positively yield his promises into reality, especially on the protection of lives and properties, and more importantly the Cardinal objective demand of galvanizing economic growth and development, that will bring about robust economic wellbeing at a bearable available means.

Our call for a new era of positive change is now, hence the need for this administration to reconsider the restructuring agenda demand for a new people’s constitution that guarantees freedom, fair and equitable distribution of resources and good governance at all levels of governments.

We are using this medium to
heartily congratulates all the 29 elected governors and deputy governors on their swearing in ceremony today.

We hereby implore all our Southwest Governors to key in to the Awoism ideologies of absolute welfare, education, health, agriculture/food security, technological advancements, infrastructural development and robust economic integration.

The issue of insecurity must be jointly and adequately tackled headlong based on simultaneous strategic planning and synergy towards attaining a progressive regional development Agenda plan in consonant with the DAWN Commission’s master plan, while on the issue of the fulani herdsmen/boko haram attacks invasions and killings of innocent people, we propose immediate panacea on the establishment of a “Joint Southwest Regional Security Network(JSRSN)” System must be launched, in collaboration with the police, military, navy, airforce and civilian vigilantes and local security groups: Vigilante groups, Olode, Agbekoya to mention a few.

The main thrust of government is predicated upon rule of law, principles of separation of powers and good governance, hence the need to embrace this tripod democratic ethos, in order to optimally achieve their sets goals and vision.

We crave that the Southwest Governors Forum(SGF) needs more vigour and innovative institutionalized ideas system and administration base, in order to build robust unity, spirit of collective responsibility and aggregated development of the region.

We call on all our Governors to embrace and adopt the Omoluabi principles and objective promotion in all government’s dealings, which shall be to reduce act of corruption and maladminstration entrenched in the system, while we passionately crave their (Governors) indulgence on the sustenance of the Yoruba aesthetic cultural heritage and values, while we implore that their must be a one yoruba day in a week reserved to observe our etiquette, language, dress sense and values in schools, government institutions, homes and other places.

To this ends we implore all Nigerians to be patient with President Muhammadu Buhari led government and all our governors, as well crave the indulgence of the National Orientation Agency (NOA) to start a mass public awareness campaigns against insecurity, rituals and crimes on radio, television, print and online media, in order to avoid counter catastrophic acts of self help and communal civil unrest, but where lies no solution in the interim, confrontation is inevitable, hence we call for peace and justice, and government’s closeness to the yearnings and prospects of the people at the grassroots.

Prince Sony Jifas Ogbon, an astitute and seasoned grassroot mobilizer, a chieftain of the People Democratic Party (PDP) from Ughelli South local Government has congratulated Gov. Ifeanyi Okowa and his deputy Otuaro over their successful inauguration that took place at Stephen Kesshi stadium, Asaba.

Prince Sony Ogbon made this statement during an evening party held at Agbon Olomu, explained that Okowa first tenure has brought development to Urhobo land , hence his well deserved second term victory was not a surprise to Deltans. To him, the visible and land able projects coupled with his SMART AGENDA where many Deltans benefited immensely is immeasurable.

Deltans, especially the Urhobos have never have it so juicy before now, he opined.

APPEALS FOR MORE DEVELOPMENT TO RIVERINE AREAS

A chieftain of the ruling Peoples Democratic Party PDP in Delta State and an Egbema indigene in Warri North Local Government Area, Delta State, High Chief David Seikiri Ugedi has congratulated the Delta State Governor, Senator Dr. Ifeanyi Okowa as he took second term swearing in oath of office at Asaba Wednesday May 29, 2019 at Stephen Keshi Stadium Asaba the state capital.

Chief David Ugedi while congratulating Governor Ifeanyi Okowa praised the governor first term achievements which according to him has brought peace and development to the state, noting that the governor performed excellently well in the areas of Health care by introducing contributory heath scheme for all deltans, road construction, Education and other basic infrastructural dimensions across the state.

He harped on the swearing in of Dr. Okowa, his achievements in the past four years to appeal for more projects to be attracted to Egbema communities in Warri North as well as other riverine communities in the state in order to get more government attention for development in the rural areas.

Chief David Seikiri Ugedi a traditional titled and well respected Chief in Egbema Kingdom as well as PDP stalwart from Warri North expressed delight that Dr. Okowa will perform more better than his first term, appealed to Deltans to give him total support in the second term to carryout his development plans to the latter .

He congratulated Dr. Okowa and wished him successful tenure as the “first Ekwueme governor of Delta state”.take and do.

Chief Ugedi whose younger brother, Captain Ugedi demised recently pointed out that despite passing through stress, congratulated the member elect for Warri Federal Constituency, Chief Thomas Ereyitomi, he described Chief Ereyitomi as a well experienced seasoned administrator filled with knowledge to prudently and judiciously circulate dividend of what is due his constituents, he urged all Warri Federal residents to cue behind him.

He felicitated with Chief Ereyitomi and Warri Federal constituency residents, Warri North people as well as other Warris , urging them to support Chief Ereyitomi as he subscribes to swearing in formally in the next week of in coming month of June, 2019 at the National Assembly Abuja the Nation’s Federal Capital.

WARRI – Hon. Festus Utuama, Former DESOPADEC Commissioner says Okowa 2nd term will continue to work hard towards ensuring there is good governance and accountability at all levels of government.

Hon. Utuama made the remark immediately after the swearing in of Okowa recently at the Stephen Keshi Stadium, Asaba , “It is very encouraging that Okowa and all his out going cabinets work as a team in his first tenure. Okowa on its own ventures into the subject matter of developing young minds and building roads across the state.

Deltans! may recall that on 29th May 2015, when Okowa started, he was faced with enormous challenges in office, Recession, insecurity and institutionalised pervasive corruption being key and that my confidence remained high that Okowa have tackle them head on. As Okowa and Barr. Utuaro takes oath of office today I am proud to note that Okowa is a morally strong man that cannot be persuaded to do something wrong to electorates and haven’t relent in his course towards development and building a better Delta society.

The former DESOPADEC Commissioner thank the Duo of their oath for second term in office. Am so satisfied with the logical steps taken by Okowa in the last four years of his first administration, Okowa demonstrates active transparency, fiscal responsibility, accountability and timely delivery of strategic goods and services to develop the state and enhance the confidence of its people is a viable template to fighting corruption. Team work, the cordial relationship between the Executive and the Legislature, the respect and compliance with fiscal and procurement laws, the institutional reforms to improved efficiency, the drive to achieve value for money, as demonstrated by this administration, are worthy of note,” he stated.
Winning Approaches
Festus Utuama urged other state governments to adopt the Okowa model along with all other winning approaches to enhance the progress and development of their state

He said he was satisfied with the projects and progress he saw in Delta along with the reports and presentations, which he said gave him encouragement on the future of the Delta State.

I Congratulates Okowa and Utuaro today with a big welldone and charge them to keep it up. To the people of Delta State, I congratulate Deltans all on supporting the Okowa and all PDP in the just concluded General Elections, he said.

Festus Utuama further encouraged the people to continue to give their maximum support to the State Government in its drive for a much better future.

The Nigeria Union of Journalists NUJ, Delta State Council, has congratulated Governor Ifeanyi Okowa of Delta State and his deputy, Deacon Kingsley Otuaro, on their successful inauguration for a second term in office.The union is a statement signed by the Chair of the Council, Comrade Michael Ikeogwu and Secretary Comrade Churchill Oyowe, thanked God that the inauguration became a reality without any ugly incident, saying the mammoth crowd that graced the ceremony held at the Stephen Keshi Stadium, Asaba was a reenactment of the electoral victory that gave the governor and his deputy second term ticket.According to the council, the governor’s Inaugural Day address was a signpost for strengthening and consolidating on the achievements recorded in his first term in office, saying the council expected nothing less and would join hands to doggedly prosecute the governor’s good governance promise that will be responsive to the aspiration of Deltans.”Our constitutional mandate as enshrined in Section 22 of the 1999 Constitution, as amended, is to uphold the responsibility and accountability of the government to the people” the statement said, adding, “We are glad the governor has taken the initiative as in the past to herald his second term with a vow to continue with good governance and responsiveness. This is the hallmark of democracy and we believe is the best approach to truly deliver democracy dividends to the people.”Continuing, the statement said, “While we earnestly pray for divine guidance in the choice of your political appointees to assist you prosecute the onerous tasks ahead to the joy and happiness of Deltans, we as a professional body pledge to key into that good governance and accountability initiative by ensuring that the various sectors of your administration are strictly monitored for compliance. It is our duty which we owe the people and we will not fail in carrying them out.”The NUJ described the programmes of Governor Okowa in the next four years as very promising, stressing that their fruition largely depended on the quality of support accorded the government and that there was need for all, particularly the youth to take advantage of the opportunities to better their lots and advance the state for posterity.The union used the occasion to call on its members to be professional and desist from every form of unethical practice in the course of going about constitution duty, even as it encouraged them to be constructive and objective in their reportage. FELICITATES WITH GOV OKOWA ON SUCCESSFUL INAUGURATION, VOWS TO STRENGTHEN GOOD GOVERNANCEThe Nigeria Union of Journalists NUJ, Delta State Council, has congratulated Governor Ifeanyi Okowa of Delta State and his deputy, Deacon Kingsley Otuaro, on their successful inauguration for a second term in office.The union is a statement signed by the Chair of the Council, Comrade Michael Ikeogwu and Secretary Comrade Churchill Oyowe, thanked God that the inauguration became a reality without any ugly incident, saying the mammoth crowd that graced the ceremony held at the Stephen Keshi Stadium, Asaba was a reenactment of the electoral victory that gave the governor and his deputy second term ticket.According to the council, the governor’s Inaugural Day address was a signpost for strengthening and consolidating on the achievements recorded in his first term in office, saying the council expected nothing less and would join hands to doggedly prosecute the governor’s good governance promise that will be responsive to the aspiration of Deltans.”Our constitutional mandate as enshrined in Section 22 of the 1999 Constitution, as amended, is to uphold the responsibility and accountability of the government to the people” the statement said, adding, “We are glad the governor has taken the initiative as in the past to herald his second term with a vow to continue with good governance and responsiveness. This is the hallmark of democracy and we believe is the best approach to truly deliver democracy dividends to the people.”Continuing, the statement said, “While we earnestly pray for divine guidance in the choice of your political appointees to assist you prosecute the onerous tasks ahead to the joy and happiness of Deltans, we as a professional body pledge to key into that good governance and accountability initiative by ensuring that the various sectors of your administration are strictly monitored for compliance. It is our duty which we owe the people and we will not fail in carrying them out.”The NUJ described the programmes of Governor Okowa in the next four years as very promising, stressing that their fruition largely depended on the quality of support accorded the government and that there was need for all, particularly the youth to take advantage of the opportunities to better their lots and advance the state for posterity.The union appealed to Governor Okowa to appoint professionals in the information management arm of his administration, stressing that consideration of members of the NUJ Delta State Council would be highly appreciated.The union used the occasion to call on its members to be professional and desist from every form of unethical practice in the course of going about constitution duty, even as it encouraged them to be constructive and objective in their reportage.

Officers of the Enugu State Police Command has arrested a pastor for impregnating twenty members of his ministry.

The 53-year-old General Overseer of Vineyard Ministry of the Holy Trinity, Enugu has been identified as Timothy Ngwu.

The pastor was reported to have claimed that the Holy Spirit had commanded him to impregnate as many female members of the church as possible.

Enugu police spokesperson, Ebere Amaraizu stated, however, that the pastor had been charged for sexual abuse.

Sources close to the pastor’s ministry told INDEPENDENT ONLINE that the pastor claims to be obeying a spiritual order to do the will of God, by impregnating anyone chosen and revealed by the Holy Spirit, irrespective of the woman’s marital status.

Our source further informed that whenever a woman impregnated by the pastor is delivered of a baby, the child is supposed to remain in the ministry with the mother for life.

Our investigation further revealed that the pastor was reported at the police by his own wife who got tired of his randy ventures in the name of even after he had also impregnated her young niece all in the name of obeying a ‘divine instruction’.

In his defense, the pastor stated, however, that he never had sex with any of the married women unless their husbands concurred to the request of the ‘Holy Ghost’.

Meanwhile, he has been quoted to have said that he has only five wives with 13 children along with other concubines he got after the ‘Holy Spirit commanded’ him to do so.

ASABA– A renowned Beautician and Former Aide to Okowa, Olorogun Mrs Grace Aghoghovbia, on Wednesday, predicted that the second tenure of the most composed Governor, Senator Doctor Ifeanyi Arthur Okowa will present a rare opportunity for rapid socio-economic recovery of Delta state .The former Executive Assistant on Beautification (E.A) to Okowa made the prediction during the denominational service that preceded the swearing in of Okowa 2nd term administration .”That governor Okowa inuaguration is a Democratic Sustenance” Aghoghovbia told aljaziralreporters during the denominational service of Okowa swearing in today Wednesday May 29th, 2019 that the prediction was not borne out of her personal or political interest whatsoever, but God’s divine guidance and direction for Okowa to govern Delta state to an enviable height.Mummy Aghoghovbia also predicted a rapid socio-economic recovery for the state in these New second Administration of Sen. Dr. Ifeanyi Okowa saying the leaders needed urgent intercession of Deltans through prayers to consolidate on the gains and development of the state .According to her, “it is based on God’s interest in directing the affairs of the State at this critical period but yet Okowa has made his first tenure the talk of every resident in Delta , ” the working governor and fondly called “EkWEME” the road master. .“No matter any act of political commission or omission, God is the one presently in control and directing the affairs of the State, ”she said.She further urged religious leaders, traditional rulers and parents in the state to use their preachings, counseling and parental advice in ensuring a reliable and productive future for the youths whom are regarded as the leaders of tomorrow..The future of our Delta State depends largely on the readiness and preparedness of our teeming youths in terms of quality educational background, information and technological advancement in taking over the mantle of leadership, She also plead with Okowa to temper Justice with mercy in developing the youths, she said. Aljaziral

By Editor: Otiti Akpovoke Treasure

 

ASABA – GOVERNOR Ifeanyi Okowa of Delta State, Wednesday took his oath of office for a second tenure at exactly 11:23am, with a promise to focus his attention in building a stronger Delta in which we can freely and confidently pursue our dreams of prosperity and happiness in a safe and secure environment.The governor arrived the Stephen Keshi Stadium, venue of the swearing in ceremony in Asaba, at about 9:07am even before many dignitaries and some clergymen and many former commissioners that attended a denominational service that preceded the swearing in.The Governor claded in native attire and head it with Red fitting Native Cap along with his wife, Dame Edith Okowa exuded confidence while addressing the audience, however warned that he would be strict in the appointment of new Commissioners in the State, noting that the time for mediocrity was over.Delta State Chief Judge, Justice Mukoro Marshal administered the oath of office on the governor and his deputy, Barr Kingsley Burutu Utuaro.His words: “we are solidifying strategic alliance and partnerships to attract heavy investments into the State.”We have made good our word to unlock and unleash youth entrepreneurship through technical /vocational education , within one week of my assumption of in 2015. Presented also an executive bill for the establishment of a technical and vocational education board to drive our policy emphasis on skill acquisition . The results are gratifying, Okowa said.”The knewly sworn in governor further said in his speech , That Delta have commence the process overhauling the curriculum in state owned tertiary institutions to include courses in personal development and problem solving . That this has been achieved in some of our polytechnics , in my first tenure DELSU received full accreditation for the facilities of law and Engineering at Oleh campus as well as other departments at Abraka campus.Consequently, we have advanced rural urban integration. We were busy with roads infrastructure construction of over 455road projects, 1,269.42kilometres and 517.34 kilometres roads and 295.71 kilometres of associated drians completed.“This is not mere words. With this alone. Imagine the effect of this on economy of our state in few years time. That is not all.2015, I declared our commitment to the provision of affordable housing for all and sundry. I’m well pleased , that Delta State have had a successful collaboration with the federal government in this regard , through a special purpose vehicle family Homes Funds Limited.

The governorship candidate of All Progressive Congress, APC and Co-ordinator, APC Presidential Campaign Council, Delta State, Olorogun Great Ovedje Ogboru, has hailed President Muhammadu Buhari on his swearing-in as President and Commander-In-Chief of Armed Forces.

Ogboru in a statement made available to newsmen, has also described President Muhammadu Buhari as an epitome of good leadership as he takes the nation to a greater height and level of development

The statement said as President Mohammadu Buhari takes amother lead to commence his second term in office today, the All Progressive Congress (APC) Delta State chapter, heartily congratulates him as their gallantry leader who has meant well for the overall wellbeing of Nigerian as an entity.

The statement had expressed a vote of explicit confidence in Mr. President’s leadership quality and attributes, saying that his continued pursiut for economic repositioning, infrastructural renewal, agricultural revolution, war against graft, educational development has proven him a man of integrity.

The statement further reads, “As the President leads this great nation to the next level, the All Progressive Congress and the good people of Delta State wish our exemplary leader, a renewed vigor, good health, greater strides and God’s guidance.

“We have no doubt that the second term of President Muhammadu Buhari will not only strengthens the unity of our great nation, we are confident that as u see you assume office, Nigeria will be greater and stronger in unity, wealth and sustainable development.”

The Deputy Vice Chancellor of the Federal University of Petroleum and Resources, FUPRE, Engr. (Prof) Akpofure Rim-Rukeh, on Tuesday, charged NNPC and sisters Oil and Gas companies on the impact of microbial corrosion on petroleum production facilities.

Rim-Rukeh had also prevailed on NNPC, Oil and Gas Companies periodically ensures the integrity of their facilities, calling on major oil and gas companies to support research initiatives of the Universities at all times.

Engr. (Prof) Rim-Rukeh gave this charge while delivering his inaugural lecture: with the theme: “Microbial Corrosion: Latent Enemy of Oil and Gas Production Facilities”, making it the third in the series of inaugural lectures of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun Delta State.

He said during the lecture that every refined metal is at a high energy state and hence has; every tendency to return to its original ore of low energy state through a process called corrosion, pointing out that the extent to which corrosion proceeds is determined by number of factors which could be biotic (living) or abiotic (non-living).

Rim-Rukeh explained that Corrosion process where microorganisms (living factor) are able to initiate, facilitate or accelerate the corrosion reaction without changing its electrochemical nature is called microbial corrosion and also known as biocorrosion or microbiologically influenced corrosion.

He said, “It has been estimated that 40% of all internal pipeline corrosion in the gas industry is attributed to microbial corrosion. Annual cost of all forms of corrosion to the oil and gas industries in the United States is $13.4 billion, of which microbial corrosion accounted for about $2 billion.

Meanwhile, Prof. Rim-Rukeh had also revealed that Niger-Delta environment is prone to microbial corrosion and that it is real in the oil and gas producing area of Niger Delta, pointing out that this was inline with his research findings that had span the period of twelve years.

Prof. Rum-Rukeh said, “The first step in investigating metal failure as a result of microbiologically influenced corrosion is to study the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the environment of the metal failure.

“Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of surface water, soils and produced water samples, collected from parts of the Niger Delta and analysed indicate that parts of the Niger Delta environment especially within areas of industrial activities correspond to an environment that promotes microbial corrosion.

“The contribution of Iron-oxidizing Bacteria (Leptothrix discophora to the corrosion of low carbon steel, (commonly used material for oil and gas facilities), saying that Leptothrix discophora is an iron bacterium that was isolated from New Calabar River.

“The presence of Leptothrix discophora increased the corrosion rate by about 123 percent and a pipeline of wall thickness 0.25 inch will corrode microbiologically after 12 years of installation at a rate of 2.08mpy.”